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Mating-induced improve in GSC quantity isn't merely owing to the indirect effect of emission of stored eggs, however slightly is stimulated by a male-derived Sex Peptide (SP) and its receptor SPR, the parts of a canonical neuronal pathway that induces a publish-mating behavioral change in females. Because there's an ovulin-dependent enhance in bouton quantity however it is just evident at a later time point, the rise in OA bouton number doubtless represents synaptic plasticity as an oblique response to ovulin-induced increase in OA neuronal activity, reasonably than a causative effect of ovulin instantly on OA synaptic boutons. Moreover, the data recommend that the increased type II bouton counts reported after mating mirror, specifically, OA neurons and that the changes in mating-dependent synaptic regulation that had been measured by bouton counts and GFP-labeled vesicle contents may be attributable to the motion of particular seminal proteins comparable to ovulin. Applying this logic to the model of ovulin and OA neuronal signaling, the conserved management by OA of ovulation may make sure that this essential course of happens unfettered, whereas frequent adjustments in ovulin sequence could allow for small, yet selectively advantageous, increases in ovulation price (Rubinstein, 2013). Because ovulation charges improve partially (however to not the full extent) after matings wherein females do not receive ovulin, different signaling components other than ovulin-dependent OA neuronal signaling should additionally contribute to the postmating enhance in ovulation.